Caring for the older horse

Horses are living much longer, more fulfilling lives. An older horse can work into his 20s if his health is good. Any competition horses and ponies continue to enjoy a productive career with younger riders. However, once a horse has to retire the responsibility to provide for it lies with his owner.

As the horse ages, his body becomes less efficient so he relies on you, his owner, to care for him just a little bit more. Good stable management, routine worming and regular dental care become vital elements of care in the older horse. Unfortuantely not even Horse Insurance can't help against the signs of ageing.

Taking on an older horse

For the younger or more novice rider it is a very sensible choice to take on an older horse. A ‘schoolmaster’ pony is well worth the extra effort to care for it due to the confidence and experience it can give a child. For a first horse or pony one would be wise to choose an animal in its teens. Horses are now considered to be aging in their mid-teens but it is not uncommon to hear of horses reaching over 30 years old!

The ageing horse

As the horse starts to age it is likely to show obvious signs of getting older by the grey hairs around the eyes, ears, forehead and muzzle. It may suffer from a certain amount of muscle deterioration and have noticeably reduced muscle over its top line. The older horse may also have a hollowed appearance to the face with deep depressions above the eyes.

The horse may however, develop more serious signs of ageing and this can range from loss of appetite and difficulty eating, to laminitis, arthritis and weight loss. In all these cases where the horse is showing signs of illness or deteriorating health, it is advisable to contact your vet so that your horse can be checked thoroughly. An annual health check when your horse has its vaccinations will allow you to catch any developing problems early, therefore prolonging your horses’ health and life.

Arthritis

With advancing years comes an increased risk of arthritis. Older horses will gradually develop joint stiffness in the form of arthritis. Generally you will notice he has reduced flexibility and a shorter stride. However, good management and using your vets advice can reduce the degree to which it hinders your horse. There are many feed supplements available which are widely used to aid joint repair and reduce stiffness.

Loss of Condition

Older horses are more likely to lose condition as they are more sensitive to minor changes in their daily routine.

As temperatures drop, you should be more aware that your older horse can feel the cold more. Keeping him in a stable at night, with a deep bed and rugs which will allow him to relax and reduce the risk of him losing weight to keep warm.

A major factor why any horse will lose condition is down to worm infestation. A suitable worming programme, recommended by your vet, is essential, combined with good pasture management.

Laminitis

Laminitis is one of the most common causes of lameness of ponies, and is frequently seen in older horses. It is a very painful disease in the hooves which is mostly seen in the front feet, however, can still occur in the hind feet too. Where the front feet are most affected, the horse will push his weight onto his hind feet.

If your horse shows discomfort or reluctance to move, it could indicate laminitis so it is advised you call your vet immediately.

Cushing’s Disease

Cushing’s disease is a common condition of an aging horse, which is caused by a benign tumour of the pituitary gland in the brain. Cortisol levels rise and this causes various symptoms, the most serious is laminitis. Other symptoms include a distinctive long curly coat, which is not lost in the summer, lethargy, and deterioration of muscles. Excessive sweating increased drinking and urinating.

If you notice any of these signs, you should call your vet.

Teeth

The horses’ teeth play a vital role in digestion and his overall health. In the older horse, tooth problems can limit the horse’s ability to chew. Bad breath will indicate food collecting in the gaps between ageing teeth, this too can lead to infection therefore older horses should have their teeth checked every six to 12 months by a vet or an equine dentist.

Good nutrition is more important than ever

As any horse gets older, his nutritional requirements will need to be adapted. This is the key factor in maintaining the health of the aged horse. Providing quality feed will give your aging horse maximum nutrition. As they get older horses cannot digest cereals, and this can trigger other problems such as laminitis.

There are many feeds available specifically made to suit the older horse. It is extremely important that the best quality hay is fed.  Soaking hay will allow an aging horse to eat easier. The added benefit of the hay being free from dust will also help with any respiratory problems.

Foot care

Horses of any age require regular visits from the farrier to maintain a balanced and health hoof. Your farrier should visit every 6 weeks, even though older feet can grow more slowly, it is important your horses feet are maintained.

Be cautious when picking out older horses feet; they may be stiffer in the limbs and care should be taken not to try to lift the legs too high when picking out the feet.

Prevention is better than cure

Rather than treat your aging horse for problems which can easily deteriorate, you should try to prevent problems arising by these helpful guidelines.

• Feed plenty of roughage such as good quality hay or chaff.
• Worm count to make sure your worming programme is effective
• Keep a close eye out for any deterioration in your horses health
• Do not allow your horse to become cold, as this will make his joints stiff. 
• Make sure your horse is exercised appropriately depending on his age and health.
• If you are unsure of any changes to your horses’ health, it is recommended that you call your vet.

Older horses and ponies are a pleasure to have on any yard add plenty of character! They can be great companions for younger horses and excellent ‘school masters’ for novice and beginner riders.  Follow the guidelines and your horse will remain healthy and strong well into later life, and you can enjoy the years of experience and character the horse will bring.

As horses in the UK are living such long and healthy lives, Animal Friends offers equine insurance for horses up to the age of 25.