Common Winter Ailments...and how to spot them
Winter is definitely upon us, with snow and freezing temperatures hitting the headlines across the UK. It is especially important to make sure your horse is as healthy and happy during the winter - read on for our tips about the most common winter ailments, and how to spot and prevent them.
There are many common winter ailments that you may need to keep an eye out for which, if left untreated, may require veterinary attention.
Mud fever
Mud fever is a bacterial infection of the skin. Good management procedures can help reduce the occurrence of mud fever. It is important that the horse has somewhere to stand everyday that is dry and mud free, ideally a stable, and that they are thoroughly cleaned every day. Carefully brush off any dried mud, paying particular attention to the pasterns and fetlocks. If you have to wash off wet mud ensure you thoroughly dry the area. If you apply a barrier cream, ensure the area is first completely clean and dry, otherwise bacteria will get trapped underneath. If you are at all concerned, contact your vet.
Rain scald
Rain scald usually occurs in horses that are not rugged in winter. It is caused by prolonged exposure to rain and wet conditions. The horse’s back will be covered in small scabs.
To prevent such conditions occurring, adequate rugs and shelter should be provided. Rugs should be breathable and fitted correctly to prevent accidents and rubbing.
Thrush
Thrush is a fungal infection that is found around the frogs and heel bulbs of the horse’s feet. The easiest way to find out if your horse has thrush is to first, pick out the feet. If the hoof is smelly while you are picking it out, or you notice any white flaking or signs of infection, you most likely have some thrush present. Make sure you pick your horse’s hooves regularly, and keep them exercised to encourage growth. If thrush persists, you may want to consult your vet.
Lice
Lice are a common cause of itching and discomfort to horses. A horse with a lice infestation will rub and bite itself, causing bald and sore patches. Treatment for lice should be sought from a vet as soon as the condition is identified. All horses on the same yard or sharing the same field should be checked and treated accordingly.
Increased respiratory problems
As most horses are stabled at night during the winter months, they are more likely to have inflamed respiratory tracts, which can be a result from coming into close continued contact with dust, fungi, toxins and ammonia. Stables should be well ventilated. Ventilation must be maintained even in cold weather, as it is better to put an extra rug on your horse than close vents, windows or doors. Good quality hay will reduce the risk of the horse coughing through the winter months.
Colic
Colic is defined as abdominal pain and can be caused by a wide array of things.
The following list includes the most common signs:
- lying down more frequently
- getting up and lying down repeatedly
- turning the head towards the flank
- pawing the ground
- trying to kick his belly
- rolling
- sweating and generally looking unwell
ALWAYS call the vet if your horse is displaying these behavioural symptoms. Cases of colic that appear mild can turn serious very quickly. The best way to prevent colic is to maintain a routine; keep your horse warm and feed them plenty of roughage to ensure that their gut is working correctly.
Although some ailments cannot be prevented, you should be aware of the signs of ill health in your horse, so that you can get your vet’s assistance sooner and help minimise the effects.
It is worth having a good insurance policy in place, so if your horse requires veterinary treatment, you will not be faced with the bills.
Winter is usually a good time to enjoy spending time with your horse without the pressures of competing. Remembering to keep your horse warm, well fed and exercised will minimise the risk of potential ailments during the winter months.
